Formal writing
The use of formal language is one of the key features of academic writing. This resource focuses on the micro level of language and grammar.
The following illustrates some differences between informal and formal English.
Additional Resources
Write@uni has a series of five online modules created to assist you to understand what writing at university involves and what expectations you will most likely encounter as you progress through your studies. You will have the opportunity to learn about the university writing culture and how critical thinking and reading informs the process of writing.
The Academic Phrasebank is a general resource for academic writers. It aims to provide you with examples of some of the phraseological ‘nuts and bolts’ of writing organised according to the main sections of a research paper or dissertation.
Pronouns can be used to replace nouns. First and second person pronouns are associated with less formal English.
I
you
e.g. I would argue
it
e.g. It can be argued…
Language that is vague.
a bit
a lot of
somewhat
considerable
Negative adjectives or verbs.
not many
it’s not raining
few
it is dry
Words more typical of spoken language.
etc.
really
like
more and more
and so on
extremely
such as
increasingly
Contractions
Two words that have been put together.
don’t
can’t
there’s
won’t
and so on
extremely
such as
increasingly
Phrasal verbs
The main verb and an adverb used together.
take away
set up
go up
pick up
remove
establish
increase
improve
Idioms
Figurative words or phrases that can be difficult to understand.
A1
spill the beans
excellent, first-rate
reveal something
Cliches
An overused expression.
at the end of the day
few and far between
in conclusion
infrequent
